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Biswa Ranjan Nayak ¹, P. K. Samanta ², A. K. Dash ², S. k. Swain ³

Affiliations
1 All India Co-ordinate Research Project on Water Management, Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, College of Agriculture, Chiplima (OUAT), Sambalpur (ODHISHA), IN
2 India Co-ordinate Research Project on Water Management, Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, College of Agriculture, Chiplima (OUAT), Sambalpur (ODHISHA), IN
3 Department of Farm Machinery and Power, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology,Bhubaneshwar (ODHISHA), IN

Abstract

No abstract

Keywords

Fym, Nitrogen, Plant Spacing, Yield, Solid Row.

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S. K. Swain ¹, M. K. Ghosal ¹, A. K. Dash ¹, A. K. Mohapatra ¹

Affiliations
1 All India Coordinated Research Project on Animal Energy Utilization with Enhanced System Efficiency, Department of Farm Machinery and Power, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar Odisha, IN

Abstract

Use of bullocks for agricultural work is limited to tillage, sowing and transportation. The total annual use of bullocks in the state of Odisha is less than 300 hours even though the annual potential use is nearly 800 hours. To enhance the utilization of bullocks, there is a need of using bullock power operated stationary machines requiring about 1 hp (0.8 kW) power for doing various post harvest operations in rotary mode like paddy threshing, paddy winnowing, chaff cutting, sugarcane crushing, groundnut decortications, oil expelling, pulse milling and dehusking etc. This would ultimately reduce the economic burden of maintaining bullocks. With this aim, a study was conducted during the year 2012 for operating a potato peeler and slicer with the help of the rotary gear complex, installed in the premises of College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The experiments were conducted continuously for 3 hours (8 am- 11 am) with the work rest cycle of 1hour work + 20 minutes rest + 1 hour work +30 minutes rest + 1 hour work. The measurement of physiological responses like respiration rate, heart rate, body temperature etc. of the small sized non-descript breed of bullocks (pair body weight of 450 kg) of Odisha were done at half an hour interval and calculation of the corresponding fatigue scores to know their comfortable working without inflicting any health hazards. The mean draft requirement of the potato peeler and slicer was found to be 7.70 % and 6.40 %, respectively in terms of percentage of body weight of the small size bullocks which were within their draftability. The highest fatigue scores during the operation of peeler and slicer were 18 and 17, respectively which were below the threshold fatigue score of 20. The output of potato peeler and slicer in rotary mode was observed to be 160 kg/h and 73 kg/h, respectively as against their corresponding values 200 kg/h and 100 kg/ h in electrically operated motor and only 7 kg/h in manual peeling and slicing with the help of a knife. The operation of potato peeler and slicer through rotary mode was not found to be economical as compared to when operated with electric motor. Nevertheless, it was a meaningful utilization of animal power during the idle period in farm operations and to compensate the maintenance cost of the bullocks.

Keywords

Bullock Power, Potato Peeler And Slicer, Physiological Responses of Bullock, Fatigue Score, Mechanical Gear System, Rotary Mode of Operation

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A. K. Mohapatra ¹, S. K. Swain ¹, A. K. Dash ¹, N. C. Behura ²

Affiliations
1 All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Utilization of Animal Energy, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN
2 Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandary, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN

Abstract

A survey of the existing cattle sheds was taken up in three selected villages of Balasore, Khurda and Cuttack districts of coastal Odisha to collect the information on land holdings, structural details along with number and size of animals kept inside it. Considering different ideal characteristics, an evaluation score card for cattle sheds in tropics was developed. Based on the total score, the sheds were classified to four categories like very good (>25 points), good (21-25 points), satisfactory (15-20 points) and improper types (<15 points). It was observed that no particular specifications were followed by the farmers during construction of cattle / bullock sheds in any of the surveyed districts of Odisha. Bullocks were sheltered along with cows and calves in one shed. The size of the shed varied according to the number of animals kept inside. It was found that 85 - 90 per cent of the cattle sheds in coastal Odisha were in the category of improper type and only 10 - 17 per cent were under satisfactory category while no shed came under the category of good or very good type.

Keywords

Cattle Shed, Evaluation Score Card, Specification

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Lakshman Nayak ¹, B. K. Baliarsingh ¹, S. K. Swain ², Laishram Kosygin ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Marine Sciences, Berhampur University, Berhampur 760 007, IN
2 Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751 002, IN
3 Zoological Survey of India, J. L. Nehru Road, Kolkata 700 016, IN

Abstract

A systematic checklist of freshwater fishes of Balasore district of Odisha, India was provided. A total number of 66 species of fishes under 47 genera, 25 families and 8 orders has been recorded. Highest species diversity was observed in the Cyprinidae (42.4%), followed by Siluridae (22.7%). The fish fauna includes 2 vulnerable (VU), 2 near threatened (NT), 46 least concern (LC), 3 data deficient (DD) and 13 not assessed (NA) species as per IUCN. The present fish fauna is a composite of primary freshwater fishes, estuarine fishes and widely distributed forms. The present finding shows that Balasore district is blessed with diverse fish fauna including numerous economically important food fishes. The water quality of the rivers and streams of the district are not contaminated as the value of pH and DO are within the tolerance limit of class 'D' water prescribed for fish culture and wild life propagation.

Keywords

Fish Diversity, Physico-Chemical Characteristics, Balasore, Odisha.

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B. K. Baliarsingh ¹, Laishram Kosygin ², S. K. Swain ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha – 751 002, IN
2 Zoological Survey of India, 27 J. L. Nehru Road, Kolkata – 700016, IN

Abstract

A new cyprinid fish, Parapsilorhynchus odishaensis, is described from Odisha, India. It is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: poorly developed callous pad behind lower lip, which is not sharply delimited posteriorly; many prominent horny tubercles on the snout; deep head (depth at occiput 57.2-75.0% HL); stout and deep body (depth at dorsal fin origin 19.6-25.0 % SL); narrow mouth (23.5-28.6% HL); eye visible in ventral view of head; rounded lower lip; 3-4 simple pectoral fin rays; 33-35 lateral line scales.

Keywords

Parapsilorhynchus, New Species, Odisha.

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P. K. Samant ¹, S. K. Swain ², H. K. Senapati ², S. K. Sahu ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jajang, Kapaleswar, Kendrapara (Orissa), IN
2 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jajang, Kapaleswar, Kendrapara (Orissa), IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted for five years in the Central Research Station of Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Orissa during 1994-1995 in order to study the long-term effects of phosphate rocks for rice-groundnut cropping system. Rice variety Lalat and groundnut variety ICGS 11 were taken as the test crop. Altogether there were ten treatments including control. The soil of the experimental site was sandy to sandy clay loam (Fluventic Ustochrept) having pH 5.6, low organic carbon, medium available ‘P’, (Olsen and Bray) and low CEC. Three rock phosphates (water insoluble) namely Yousouffia, Gafssa and Tebessa (YRP, GRP, and TRP) imported from Morocco along with one indigenous i.e. Mussoorie rock phosphate (MRP) were applied @ 250 kg and 500 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 once before planting of rice was compared with water soluble form of fertilizer i.e. DAP was applied @ 50 kg ha^-1 to each crop on each seasons for five years. Application of rock phosphate increased the yield of rice and groundnut over control and DAP. Application of 500 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 from rock phosphate source produced significantly higher yield over 250 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 but reverse trend was marked in case of apparent ‘P’ recovery (APR), agronomic efficiency (AE) and production efficiency (PE). Available ‘P’ status showed an increasing trend from the initiation of the experiment till the end of the experiment. The sustainable yield index (SYI) indicated almost all the treatments to be recommendable excepting control in case of groundnut.

Keywords

Rock Phosphate, ARP, AE, PE, SYI.

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A. Sarangi ¹, G. Nath ², S. K. Swain ³, R. Paikaray ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, Christ College, Cuttack, IN
2 Department of Physics, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Sambalpur, Burla, IN
3 Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Sambalpur, Burla, IN
4 Department of Physics, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, IN

Abstract

Ultrasonic wave propagation in solvent mixture is an important technique in fiber engineering technology. Surface bleaching and surface modification of natural fiber can be well maintained when the basic interaction can be studied in natural fiber-reinforced composites with solvent mixture. In the present investigation sisal fiber has been chosen as natural fiber and its surface is treated with solvent mixture of malleic acid with ethanol. The ultrasonic velocities are determined in binary mixture of malleic acid and ethanol with different frequencies (1 MHz, 3 MHz and 5 MHz) at temperature 303 K. The different acoustical properties like intermolecular free length, isentropic compressibility, acoustic impedance and bulk modulus are computed from the ultrasonic velocity and density of the mixture. The variation of these parameters relating to chemical composition of fiber and solvent mixture are discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions.

Keywords

Ultrasonic Velocity, Binary Mixture, Intermolecular Free Length, Isentropic Compressibility, Acoustic Impedance, Bulk Modulus.

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A. K. Mohapatra ¹, S. K. Swain ¹, A. K. Dash ¹

Affiliations
1 AICRP on Utilization of Animal Energy, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Odisha), IN

Abstract

A wet grinder was attached to the rotary transmission system operated by a medium pair of bullocks having a pair weight of 610 kg. The combination of the bevel and spur gears in the system could produce a rotation ratio of 1:29 in the out put shaft. Further, flat and V pulleys were arranged to get the required rpm of 450 for operation of the wet grinder. Rice samples were soaked for 6h at room temperature before grinding. Black gram samples were soaked only for 3h. The ingredients were passed through the hopper with different ratio of rice and black gram as 1:0, 1:4, 1:1, 4:1, 0:1, respectfully. Water was added at the rate of 300 ml per kilogram of mixture. The draft requirement during the operation varied from 30 kg in the beginning to 24 kg at the end, the mean being 27 kg which was 4.43 % of the bodyweight of the bullocks. The physiological responses of the bullocks like heart rate, respiration rate and body temperature increased upto 66 beats/min, 22 blows/min and 38.2°C, respectively after one hour of operation. The fatigue score of the bullocks was observed to be 14, well within safe limit of 20. The particle size of the batter came out was in between 200 μm to 300 μm. More was the quantity of black gram in the mixture more was the fine particles in batter. The average batter output over one hour of operation was 9 kg/h. Grinding efficiency of wet rice and black gram at different ratio varied from 81 to 86 %.

Keywords

Batter, Wet Grinding, Rice, Black Gram, Fatigue Score.

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